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Typical source

Bacterial fermentation

Plain-language explanation

E235 (Natamycin) is a natural antifungal preservative produced by the fermentation of a specific type of bacteria, *Streptomyces natalensis*. It is used to prevent mold growth on cheese, cured meats, and other foods. Major halal certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS generally consider it halal because it is derived from microbial fermentation, not from animals or insects. Its halal status is not dependent on the source as long as the fermentation process does not involve any haram (forbidden) ingredients.