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Typical source

Mold fermentation of sugars

Plain-language explanation

E330, or citric acid, is a natural acid that gives a sour taste to foods and drinks, and it is commonly found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges. It is usually produced through fermentation, and when derived from plant-based sources, it is universally considered halal by all major certification bodies. However, if the fermentation process uses a non-halal nutrient source, such as pork-derived gelatin, the final citric acid would be considered haram. Therefore, its halal status depends entirely on the source of the raw materials used in its production.