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Plain-language explanation

E503, or ammonium carbonates, are salts used as a leavening agent in baked goods and to regulate acidity. They are typically produced synthetically from ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are not derived from animal sources. Because of this synthetic origin, ammonium carbonates are considered halal by major certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS. The halal status is not dependent on the source, as the standard manufacturing process does not involve any haram (forbidden) materials.