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Typical source

Synthetic azo dye

Plain-language explanation

E102, or Tartrazine, is a bright yellow synthetic food dye made from coal tar or petroleum products. It is considered halal by major certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS because it is a chemically created, non-animal ingredient. However, some Muslims avoid it due to health concerns or personal preference, though its halal status is not in question.