← Ingredient & E-number explorer

Typical source

Pine rosin + glycerol (plant or animal)

Plain-language explanation

E445, or glycerol esters of wood rosin, is a food additive used to stabilize citrus-flavored drinks and prevent cloudiness. It is made by reacting rosin, a natural substance from pine trees, with glycerol. The halal status depends on the source of the glycerol; if the glycerol is plant-based, it is considered halal, but if it is derived from animal fat, it is haram. Major certification bodies generally approve E445 only when it is from plant-based sources.