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Typical source

Castor oil + glycerol (plant or animal)

Plain-language explanation

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, or PGPR, is a manufactured emulsifier made from glycerol and ricinoleic acid, which comes from castor oil, used to improve the texture of chocolate and other foods. Its halal status depends on the source of the glycerol; if derived from plant fats, it is considered halal, but if from animal fats, it is haram unless the animal was slaughtered according to Islamic law. Major certification bodies generally permit PGPR only when it is plant-based or from halal-certified animal sources, so consumers should look for a halal label to be certain.