← Ingredient & E-number explorer

Typical source

Fatty acids (plant or animal)

Plain-language explanation

E477, or propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, is a man-made emulsifier created by combining propylene glycol with natural fats from plants or animals. Its halal status depends entirely on the source of the fatty acids; if derived from plant fats or halal-slaughtered animals, it is considered halal, but if from pork or non-halal animals, it is haram. Major certification bodies like JAKIM, MUI, and MUIS require proof of a halal source to approve this ingredient.